BRCA Genetic Testing

Overview

A BRCA genetic test, a powerful tool that checks for alterations in the DNA that may increase the risk of ovarian or breast cancer, is a proactive step for those with a family history of breast cancer or other potential risk factors. This test empowers you with a comprehensive understanding of your risk profile, ensuring you are fully informed and prepared for your healthcare journey.

Genetic test results assist with the following:

• Preventative measures to lower the risk of breast cancer
• Help you navigate your treatment options if breast cancer is found

Being aware of your genetic information, with the invaluable support of a specialist in this area, allows you to create a family tree of cancer diagnoses and understand the readily available results from the genetic test, providing a sense of guidance and reassurance.

Procedure

BRCA and other Genetic Mutations
Between five to ten per cent of breast cancer cases are largely due to a genetic predisposition to the condition. The most common genetic mutations closely linked with breast cancer are significant alterations to the BRCA1 and 2 genes.

What does genetic testing involve?
Genetic tests may be performed using blood, skin, hair, or saliva samples. The samples are then sent to a laboratory where they are analyzed for specific genetic mutations.

When should you consider genetic testing?

The following individuals may benefit from a referral to a genetic counsellor:

• Cancer diagnosed at an unusually young age (typically under the age of 50)
• Different types of cancer that have occurred independently in the same person
• Cancer that has developed in both organs of a set of paired organs (e.g., both kidneys, both breasts)
• Several close blood relatives that have the same type of cancer or cancers that can be related (eg, breast, ovarian prostate cancer)
• Unusual cases of a specific cancer type (e.g., male breast cancer)
• If there is a known gene alteration in a family member

Please note: this is not a comprehensive list and a discussion with a genetic counsellor can assist to determine the need to genetic testing in an individual.

More information is available from www.klgc.co.za

Genetic testing is a crucial consideration when determining the risk of cancer due to faulty genes. It's especially important to consider this form of testing when there's a proven track record and history of cancer, particularly breast cancer, in the family. This knowledge keeps you informed and aware of potential risks.

Before undergoing a genetic test, doctors will inform you about the procedure, what to expect, and the benefits and restrictions of the test.